Steam pumping-engine



BI C.' VANDUZENI A2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

STEAM PUMPING ENGINE.

- Patented June 27, 1882.

(No'Mo'de'lJ y 2 sheet's-sh-eet 2.

B.G.VANDU ZBN.

, f STEAM'PUMPING ENGINE.

110.260,33?. Patented June Z7, 1882.

N4 Ferias, Pham-umugmpher, washingm n. cA

UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE.

VBENJAMIN C. VANDUZEN, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

STEAM PUMPlNG-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N. 260,337, dated Julie 27,1882.

Application tiled August 6, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN G. VANDU- ZEN, of the city of Cincinnati,in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented -ive inoperation, and which shall accomplish a saving in steam and fuel.

rI he various features of my invention areapparent from the followingdescription In the accompanyingdrawings, Figurel represents a verticalcentral longitudinal section of a steam-engine illustrating myinvention,

the steam-engine being shown as applied to a force-pump of one of theordinary kinds. Fig. 2 is a section taken at line x au, Fig. 1. Fig. 3is a section taken at the lille y y, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinalsection taken at the line Z, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a section taken at theline X X of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is au enlarged view of-the valve shown inFig. 4. Fig.7 is a sectional view, representing a modification of myinvention.

A` designates the cylinder of the engine, provided with head B, securedby bolts or in any 'other suitable manner to the cylinder.

Gis the piston, provided with the usual packing-rings, a b c.

D is a connection between the piston C and the supplemental piston F,sliding-in the supplemental cylinder Gr, and provided at its peripherywith packing, preferably packing-rings e e', held in place by theflanges e2 of the said supplemental piston.

The supplemental piston may be connected hto the connections D and thepiston-rod E (which latter is located in front of the supplementalpiston) in any suitable manner, with this proviso, that the exhaust-portot' the piston C shall be connected by suitable conduits to theexhaust-ports of piston F. The preferable mode is that shown herein,where the connection D, supplemental piston F, and piston-rod E are allcast in one and the same piece. The piston-rod E passes through and 5oplays in and is supported by the forward end or head of the supplementalcylinder G, said head being provided with a suitable packingboX,f, toprevent the steam from escaping around the piston-rod E.

The cylinder A and supplemental cylinder G are connected together in anysuitable man-v ner. They are preferably cast in one piece.

Steam is first admitted to the cylinder A by the port H, locatcd at theforward end, and preferably at the upper part or top thereof, as shown.The final escape-port I for the steam is located at fthe forward end ofthe su-pplemental cylinder G, and is preferably-placed at the lower sideof the latter, so as to allowthe water of condensation to pass out.

In order to render the subsequent description ofparts more readilyunderstood, it is here remarked that the steam entering the cylinder Athrough inlet-port H, acting against the port or left-hand face of thepiston, pushes the latter from the forward to the rear end of thecylinder, and at the same time reverses the valve J, whereupon thepiston and valve assume the position shown in Fig. l. The same steam, bythe altered position of the valve, is let into the rear end of thecylinder and behind the piston, and, acting upon the rear or right-handface of the piston, pushes the latter forward to the front end of thecvlinder, whereupon the valve is reversed and the steam allowed to passinto the space K. in lthe piston, and thence through the longitudinalconduits or ports K, in the connection D and pistou F, (see Figs. 3, 4and 5,) in the direction ot' the arrows, and thence to pass out of thesaid port-s K at K.2 into the cylinder Gr, and thence out of the finalescape-port I, so that one cylinder of steam. serves to drive the pistononce in each direction and causes it to travel the length of thecylinder twice. These escapeports K lie in each side of the connection Dand piston F, as shown, and instead of 'roo The escape-port K in themain piston C, as formed, consists ot a space located wholly within thepistou, and preferably of an annular form, embracing the valve-shell L.This spaceport K connects with the ports K,*as shown in Fig. 4, andwiththe openings g in the valveshellL.

The valve-shell may be fastened to the piston in any suitable manner. Inthe present instance the piston G and valve-shell are constructed so asto allow of the ready attachment or removal ot' the valve-shell. Suchconstruction is preferably as follows, viz:

The piston is divisible into two discal pistons, C C, the portion Cbeing provided with the rearward projection h, and the portion C2 beingprovided with the annular projection h', which latter fits over and uponthe projection L and rests against disk G. The disks are securedtogether in any desired manner. A preferred mode is that shown-viz.,where bolts i pass through the disk G2 and are screwed into the disk C.

Upon separating the disks C C2 the valveshell can be readilyT taken outwithout disturbing the disk C and connection D, and either thevalve-shell or valve, or both, can thus be reached for repairs whenbroken or worn out, yor a new shell or valve, or both, can be attachedto the piston.

The valve J slides longitudinally within the valve-shell, and, beingcarried forward and backward by and with the piston, is operatedalternately by impinging against each end ot' the cylinder A or againsta. suitable impinging-block located near said cylinder ends. The ends ofthe valve and ends of the cylinder, or impinging pieces placed at thecylinder ends to receive said impingement, are to be mutually adapted togently and without injury receive the blow of impact between theimpinging end of the valve and the part which said end strikes against.In the present instance the rear end, B, ot' the cylinder is providedwith a shell, M, preferably located in the center of the end B, butalways opposite the end of the valve J, and rendered adjustable by meansof a screw -thread 011 its periphery engaging a female screw in thecylinder end B. This screw also forms a convenient means of securing theshell M to the cylinder end.

An annular set-nut, Mf, screwed upon the shell and against the cylinderend B, assists in keeping the shell in position after being adjustedagainst said cylinder end. This shell M is provided with a spring, M2,of rubber or any other suitable material, against which the projectingcenter of the rear end of the valve J impinges as the piston approachesnear the rear cylinder end, B.

The forward end of the valve J is provided with a shell, N, open infront and inclosing a spring, N, of rubber or other suitable material,which latter projects forward some distance beyond the front edge of theshell N, so

that when it (the spring) is compressed upon impiugement at the end ofthe cylinder the end of the shell shall not strike against the opposingbumper, whatever that may be.

In the connection D is a central longitudinal opening or slot, D. (SeeFigo-1.) Into one end of this slot the forward end, N, of the valve Jprojects.

At the forward end of the cylinder A is located a vertical stop-piece orbumper, O, to receive the ilnpiugement of the spring N of the valve J.The bumper O is to be secured in position in any suitable manner. In thepresent instance the foot of itis stepped into a step or recess, O', andthe top, when necessary, may be secured to the upper part ofthe frontcylinder end in any suitable manner. The bum per O passesv verticallythrough the slot D.

The construction ot' the valve J and the method in which it operates areas follows, viz: The valve has an annular seat, 2, which, when the valveis pushed rearward, impinges against a seat, 3, ot' the shell L.Directly behind the seat 2 are openings m in the valve, and theseopenings communicate directly with the conduits or ports u, which latterextend from the openings m through the valve to its rear end, and thereopen directly into the cylinder-space behind the piston C. The valvealso has a seat, d, which, when the valve is forced f'orward, rests uponthe end 5 of the valve-shell L, and at thesame time another seat, 6, ofthe valve rests upon the seat 7 ot' the said valveshell. The wings p aidin guiding the valve. The spaces q between the valve and the shell inthe vicinity ofthe wings p are exhaustports, and when the valve is movedrearward, the seat 4 being separated from seat 5, the steam is free topass between said seats, and, entering said spaces q, passes from samedirectly into the exhaust ports y ot' the shell, and., passing thenceinto the ports K, escapes through ports K K2 aforementioned.

For convenience of construction and ease of removal and insertion thevalve is preferably made in two parts or sections, of which one is thefront end, (marked 8,) provided with the seat 2 and central pieces, 9,and the other section ofthe valve is the rear end, 10, provided with thecylinder 11, wings p, and valve-seats et and 6. When the two sectionsarecombined together the central pieces, 9, pass within the cylinder,aud, closely fitting the latter, form, in conjunction therewith, thecentral ports, u, aforementioned. The front end ot' the cylinder 11rests against the abutlneuts 12 of the front section of the valve. Thetwo sections of the valve are connected together in any suitable manner,preferably by soldering.

Preferably the wings p are at their front ends partially beveled downbefore reaching l the valve-seat 7, as shown, in order to enable theseat 7 to be more conveniently ground and reground.

The steam-engine aforedescribed is shown applied to work a force-pump.20 designates the cylinder of the pump, and 2l the piston ICO IIO

with a packing-box, 23. The inlet-port 24 is trl provided with the usualpuppet-valve, allowing water from the'inlet-pipe 25 to pass down intothe cylinder, but preventing all retlow of said water into saidinlet-pipe. The exit-port 26 preferably'is furnished with apuppet-valve,

y 27, allowing Water to be forcedthrough the IO port in the direction ofthe arrow and into the airchamber 27sb and through port 28, but preventsall refiow of water into the cylinder-in front or left of the piston 21.The port 29 operates alternately as an inlet and outlet port, and theport 30 is solely au outlet.

When'the piston 2l is drawn rearward water from the inlet-pipe 25 passesthrough the port 24 and fills the cylinder 20 in front of pist0n 21,yand when the piston' moves forward, valve in the port 25 being closed,the liquid is forced through the port26 and passes through port 28 outof port 30, and part passes through port 29 into the cylinder 20',behind piston 2l, and when the piston is again retracted is forced outthrough ports 29 and 30, while another supply is being drawn throughinletport'24 and'into the cylinder in front of the piston. y

Preferably the cylinder 20 and the cylinders G and A are all casttogether in one piece, being connected by the arches 3l, which enablethepacking-boxes 23 and f to be readily reached and packed and repaeked.

The engine is suitably supported. In the present instance, where thecylinders G and A are shown as cast in one piece with the pumpcylinder20, the entire apparatus is supported on two feet or pillars32, onelocated under the rear end ot cylinderA and the other under the forwardend of pump-cylinder 20.

The mode in which the various parts of the aforedescribed steam-engineoperate having been quite fully specified in connection with thedescription ot' said parts, the general description of the mode in whichthe engine, `as an entirety,.0perates is as follows: c

Suppose the piston C to be at the frontend of cylinder A, steam beingadmitted through inlet-port H im pin ges against the front face ofpiston C and also against the rear face of piston F, the front side ofwhich latter is usually subjected tothe pressure of the atmospherecoming through the exhaust-ports I but inasmuch as the surface'of pistonC exposed to the action of the steam is double the area lof piston F,the piston C is forced backward until it reaches the rear end of thecylinder, when the end l0 of the valve J strikes spring M2 and isreversed, being forced forward, thus closing all entrance to theexhaust-ports of the valve and opening thefront valve-ports, m, intowhich the steam then enters, and, passing through ports m, enters therear end of the cylinder behind the piston C, and thus cushions th'elatter and prevents it from striking the rear end of the cylinder A. Thesteam is 4now pressing against the rear face and the front faceof pistonG and the rear face of piston F, the front face of the latter vbeingsubjected to atmospheric pressure; but on account of the whole rear endof piston C being acted upon b v the steam Athe sum of the power to pushthe piston forward will exceed by one hundred per cent. the sum of thepower to push vthe piston back, and hence it will move forward. When thepiston C arrives at the forward end of the cylinder the front endspring, N', of the valve strikes against the bumper-piece O and isreversedthat is, moved backward till the valve-seat 2 reaches seat ofthe valve-shell and closes the ports n and separates valve-seat 6 fromseat 7 of valveshellL, and thus opens a passage-way from the space inthe cylinder behind the piston for the escape of the steam in said spacethrough spaces qq of the valve,thence through ports g of the valve-shellinto port K of the piston C, thence through the ports K Kzintosupplemental cylinder G, and thence into and ont through ports l. Inthis manner the steam behind the piston C is exhausted, and the steamentering from inlet-port H and pressing on the front face of the piston(l moves the latter backward, as before mentioned, and in the manneraforedescribed thepiston is moved alternately backward and forward.

The engine above described is applicable not only for pumping, butforall of the other purposes for which steam-engines are commonlyemployed-as, for example, to impart rectilinear or rotary motiontovarious descriptions of machinery, dsc.

When employed to operate a pump the steam is used in the engine withoutexpansion.

When employed to impart rotary motion in connection with'the usualily-wheel or equivalent devices i'or accumulating and storing uplmomentum, the expansion of the steam is to be utilized by employing acut-off valve in .the steam-inlet pipe H, and in such instances thesaving of steam is very great, and of course much greater than where thesteam is employed without expansion.

One of the principal features of my invention consists in theapplication ot' steam in such a manner that one cylinderful of steam ispositively employed-to cause the piston C to traverse the cylindertwice, once in each direction, said steam acting upon the front face andthen upon both front and rear face of the said piston. This feature ofmy invention may be embodied in mechanism in many different ways, andthe latter will constitute obvious modifications ofthe en gineheretoforedescribed. For example, the valve may be placed at some point IOC in thepiston other than in the center of the lat-ter; also, the piston and itsrod and the connecting mechanism of the latter may be' stationary andthe cylinder have a reciprocating movement. v One form of such mechanismISO nates the cylinder sliding on the slideways R'. S is the inlet-port,and T the exhaust-port, located in the piston U and connected toexhaust-port t in the piston-rod W, which latter port is connected withthe exhaust-pipe t', as shown.

'.llie valve X, arranged to slide in the pistou, as shown, is providedwith inlet-ports X', admitting steam when the valve is moved to thecylinder-space ot' the piston, and causing the cylinder to move, andwith exhaust-ports X2 allowing the steam ot'the piston, when thecylinder has completed its stroke, to escape into port T, and thencemake its exit through ports t and t'.

A spring, Y, pivoted at Y' to front of the piston and resting againstthe front end of the valve X, and a spring, Y2, pivoted atY3 tothe rearof the piston and resting against the rear end ot' said valve, serve toquicken the action of the valve and to respectively' break the suddenimpact ofthe ends ot' the valve X against the ends ot the cylinder, bycach of which springs in turn the valve X is moved, point y moving thevalve forward and point y' moving the valve backward.

In view of the previous description of the mode of operation of theengine rst described it is presumed that the mode of operation of theengine last mentioned will be fully understood without additionalexplanation.

The supplemental piston F and supplemental cylinder Gr are alwayssmaller than cylinder A and piston C.

What I claim as new and of my invention, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is

l. In combination with a piston ota fluid-engine, an automaticreciprocating valve located and operated entirely within the cylinder,the ports being arranged substantially as shown, by means of which thesteam is admitted to the cylinder in front of the piston, and after theengine has made its rst stroke the steam is admitted through the pistonto the cylinderspace behind therear face ot' the piston, (thecylinder-space in front of the piston at the same time continuing fullof steam,) and alter the engine has completed its return-stroke isexhausted through the piston-port, substantially as and for the purposesspecilied.

2. In combination with the main piston, the automatic reciprocatingvalve located and operating entirely within the cylinder, andexhaust-ports extending to supplemental piston, and final exhaust-portsin supplemental piston, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The combination of steam-cylinder, piston provided with reciprocatingvalve located and automatically operated entirely within the cylinder,devices for softening the force of the impact ot' the meeting betweenvalve and cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. The combination ot' the cylinders A and Gr and supplemental piston F,and piston C, pro- 7o vided with reciprocating valve J and valveshell L,and devices for softening the impact oi' either end yot said valve,substantially as and for the purposes specilied.

5. The combination ot' cylinders A and G, and supplemental `piston F,and bumper O, and piston C, provided with reciprocating valve J, havingspring. N', and cylinder end B, having spring M2, substantially as andfor the purposes specitied.

'6. The combination of reciprocating piston C, provided withreciprocating valve J, having spring N', and cylinder end B, screw-shellM, and spring M2, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

7. Thev reci procatin g-piston C, provided with reciprocating valvek J,yhaving spring N', and cylinder end B, screw-shell M, spring M2, andset-screw M', substantially as and for the purposes specified.

8. The piston U, composed of the disk G', having projection h, and diskC2, having projection h', and devices for securing same t0- gether, incombination with valve-shell Leon- Ataining the reciprocating valve J,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

9. The piston C, .composed ot' the disk-C', having projection h, anddisk C2, having projection 7L', secured together, and portK,incombination with valve-shell L, valve J, having ports a m, andexhaust-ports K' K2, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

1U. The valve J, having seats 2 416 and ports m and n, wings p, and,exhaust-ports q, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

11. lIhe valve J, having seats 2 4.6 and ports m and fn, vwings@exhaust-ports g, and end 8, having spring N', substantially as and forthe purposes specilied.

1,2. The valve J, having seats 2 4.6, ports m and n, constructed in twosections, one section composed of end 10, win gs p, and having spaces qand cylinder l1, and the other scction composed of the end 8, providedwith spring N', and the pieces 9, substantially as and for the purposesspecilied.

13. The piston -provided with reciprocating valve, located andautomatically operated entirel y within the cylinder, in combinationwith the exhaust-port K and exhaust-port K', extending longitudinallywithin the cylinder and connected to the supplemental piston having portK2, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

14. lhe combination ot' the piston O, provided-with reciprocating valve,provided with spring N', bumper O, andexhaust-port K, and

the connection `containing the exhaust-ports K' and slot D',supplemental piston containing port K', and supplemental cylindercontaining port I, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

IOO

IOS

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15. The combination otV cylinderv A, having inlet-port H, piston O,having reciprocating valve J, provided with seats 2 4 6, ports m n, andexhaust-ports g, spring N', sliding in shell L, having seats 3 5 7 andexhaust-ports g and the port K, and the connection D, containing portsK' and the slot D', supplemental piston F, having exhaust-port K2,supplemental cylinder having exhaust-port I, bumper O, and cylinder endB, having sprin gM2, substantially as and for the purposes specied.

16. The combination of cylinder A, supplemental cylinder G,pump-cylinder 20, and pis-` tons C, F, and 21, arches 31, andreciprocating valve J, located and automatically operated entirelyWithin the cylinder, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

17. The combination of cylinder A, supplemental cylinder G, and thepiston G, provided with reciprocating valve J, connection D, and thesupplemental piston F, and piston-rod E,

the front disk of the piston G and connection t Dand supplemental pistonVF and piston-rod E being cast in one piece, substantially as and forthe purposes specified.

18. The combination of cylinder A, supplemental cylinder G, and thepiston C, prov1ded with reciprocatn g valve J, connection D and thesupplemental piston F, the front disk of the piston C and connection Dand supplemental pston F being cast in one piece, substantially as andfor the purposes specified.

BENJAMIN (LVANDUZEN.

Attest:

A. S. LUnLoW, E. R. HILL.

